The Rise of the Writers of the Republic of China

On the first day in Shanghai, Zhou Hexuan spent at Xu Zhimo's house, and in the afternoon he also attended the gathering of the Crescent Society.

The next day, Zhou Hexuan went to the Shanghai branch of "Ta Kung Pao" again. He said it was an inspection, but in fact he just wandered around.

Compared with "News" and "Shenbao", "Ta Kung Pao" is too shabby: Others built a permanent newspaper building, "Ta Kung Pao" is still renting an office; With old and inefficient printing presses.

There is no way, but to develop slowly, and only when you have money can you play big money.

However, it is necessary to purchase advanced equipment. After discussing with Zhang Jiluan, Zhou Hexuan decided to spend money to purchase a rotary machine for the headquarters of "Ta Kung Pao" and the Shanghai branch. Not only can the efficiency be improved, but also the printed newspapers are more beautiful, and the ink spots on the layout will be much less.

On the third day, Jiang Baili and Zhang Junmai came to visit at the same time, which surprised Zhou Hexuan—they are both amazing people!

"Coffee, please!" Lu Xiaoman came out with a cup of coffee to serve him, and then stepped aside to sit with Zhang Leyi.

There were five men in the living room, namely Zhou Hexuan, Jiang Baili, Zhang Junmai, Xu Zhimo and Zhang Jiazhu.

Everyone chatted about poetry creation for a while, and ridiculed Xu Zhimo for being relegated to the mortal world, Xu Zhimo smiled and let everyone laugh.

Xu Zhimo, who has always been sad about spring and autumn and pursues romance, suddenly published a new poem "Life" two months ago. Its content is gloomy, dark, oppressive and depressing. Once he changes his previous style, it doesn't look like Xu Zhimo's poems.

This rich young man seems to have finally realized the helplessness and hardships of life.

While chatting about poems, Zhang Junmai suddenly changed the topic to politics. He said: "Mingcheng's discussion on China's political system in "Guns, Germs and Steel" really suits my liking."

"It's just nonsense, it's impossible in today's China." Zhou Hexuan said with a wry smile.

Jiang Baili suddenly interjected: "I also agree with socialism, but it is too difficult to implement. Socialism can be regarded as an ideal, but once the ideal meets reality, it will inevitably encounter many contradictions. To resolve contradictions, there must be a way , but we must stick to the principles. Take the Three People’s Principles as an example, which is also an ideal, and there are also contradictions, but today’s National Party abandons ideals in order to solve contradictions, which is unwise!”

Well, they are all like-minded people.

Whether it is Jiang Baili or Zhang Junmai at this time, they are all socialists.

This is due to Liang Qichao.

Liang Qichao was the first scholar in China to put forward the idea of ​​socialism. From 1918 to 1919, he organized a European delegation, and Zhang Junmai and Jiang Baili were members of the delegation at that time.

They have witnessed the life of the lowest class people in Europe: they are impoverished and struggling every day, just like the poor in China.

They also see the contradictions in European society: the gap between rich and poor is huge, and workers go on strike every now and then.

After returning from Europe, Zhang Junmai and Jiang Baili became believers in socialism, believing that the free capitalism in Europe would come to an end sooner or later.

But the difference is that Zhang Junmai clearly opposes communism, while Jiang Baili has a friendly attitude towards communism.

Jiang Baili even helped Qu Qiubai, Geng Jizhi, Zheng Zhenduo and others, and supported them in translating many famous Russian works, which were published by "Gongxueshe". Just by hearing the name of this publishing house, you know what they are promoting.

After hearing Jiang Baili's words, Zhang Junmai said with emotion: "Yes, today's Nationalist Party has abandoned its ideals. They chanted the slogan of the Three People's Principles, but they played the trick of dictatorship. My "Xinlu" magazine always scolded The KMT does not know when it will be shut down."

Zhou Hexuan was amused: If it wasn't for Zhang Junmai's brother, who is now in charge of the Bank of China, and Chang Kaishen's pocketbook, then "New Road" would have been finished long ago.

Zhang Jiazhu suddenly said: "In fact, the National Party is still much better than the Beiyang warlords."

"You know what the hell," Zhang Junmai criticized his younger brother angrily, "The current middle and lower level members of the National Party have completely deteriorated. Look at what that Chen Dezheng is doing? He is arguing for the dictatorship of the National Party all day long, like a mad dog The same thing bites everywhere, and helps Chang Kaishen fanatical personality cult in the newspaper. Nowadays, many articles discussing practical issues cannot be published in the southern region, which is a sign of the suppression of speech."

Zhou Hexuan had to admit that Zhang Junmai's vision was too sharp.

Some people say that freedom of speech in the Republic of China is pure nonsense. Both the Beiyang government and the Nanjing Nationalist government advocate the control of speech.

Among other things, Zhang Junmai's magazine will be shut down next year, and he himself will even be kidnapped.

As we said before, Chen Dezheng is a saint.

How did this person write an article to scold Hu Shi for going abroad? He wrote his own articles to criticize, and he also mobilized other literati of the Kuomintang to criticize together. However, Hu Shi's rebuttal articles could not be published normally, so he could only passively bear the attacks of the literati of the Kuomintang.

Xu Zhimo was very righteous at every critical moment. At that time, only Xu Zhimo's "New Moon" magazine dared to publish Hu Shi's article. To decline.

Well, that's next year too.

As for forcing Lu Xun to hide in a Japanese bookstore, force was used even more. Chen Dezheng first wrote an article to criticize Lu Xun, defining him as a "reactionary literati". Before Lu Xun wrote an article to refute, he had already mobilized people to arrest him.

Jiang Baili said helplessly: "It's better not to talk about the Kuomintang, today we only talk about academic topics."

Zhang Junmai said: "I think that in order to realize socialism, we must first establish a political party. Use the political party to move towards the center of power, and then slowly implement socialist policies."

"Brother Junmai, if a scholar rebels, it won't take ten years." Zhou Hexuan reminded.

Zhang Junmai said: "I'm not trying to rebel, I'm trying to follow the party line."

Zhou Hexuan said with a smile: "The Nationalist Party wants a one-party dictatorship, and you form another party, and it's still the Regency Party. In their view, you want to rebel."

Zhang Junmai said unhappily: "Isn't what Mingcheng said in the book "Guns and Pao" exactly supporting the one-party dictatorship? It is in line with the appetite of the Nationalist Party."

"The one-party dictatorship I'm talking about belongs to the ideal state. The prerequisite is that the party has a strict administrative program and execution ability," Zhou Hexuan spread his hands, "It's a pity that the National Party does not meet the conditions at all. The party platform is just empty talk."

"So, we still have to take it step by step," Jiang Baili explained his point of view, "Socialism is the ultimate goal. The conditions for implementing socialism in China are not enough. We must first take the road of capitalism. Although capitalism has come to an end, but Its production and development methods are still effective and necessary for China’s revival. In my opinion, first develop capitalism in China, and then gradually improve it to become socialism.”

Zhou Hexuan's forehead was sweating. Whether it was Zhang Junmai or Jiang Baili, the advanced nature of their thinking was extremely terrifying. Although their political views are slightly different, they are basically in line with the development routes of Britain, France and other countries in the next few decades, and even somewhat similar to China's future situation.

Zhang Junmai's thought has been evolving, and by the end of the 1920s, he had gradually agreed with Jiang Baili's point of view just now. He gritted his teeth and said, "Brother Baili, brother Mingcheng, since we are like-minded, why don't we form a socialist political party today. I have already thought of the name, and we want 'National Socialist Party'!"

The National Socialist Party... It looks like Hitler's Nazi Party, so it's called the National Socialist Party for short when translated.

However, Zhang Junmai's National Socialist Party apparently has the full title of "National Socialist Party".

Zhang Jiazhu said excitedly: "Form a party, I want to join."

"Kids are playing!" Zhang Junmai scolded.

Zhang Jiazhu muttered in a low voice: "You still treat me like a child, but you are an adult."

Jiang Baili smiled and shook his head: "I don't want to join any political party, and I'm not interested in politics, brother Junmai, don't come after me."

Zhou Hexuan also said: "I am the same as Brother Baili."

Xu Zhimo kept silent, and Zhang Junmai didn't count on Xu Zhimo either. He sighed and said, "Socialist China is so difficult!"

Seeing that the atmosphere was not right, Jiang Baili immediately changed the subject and said, "Mingcheng, how is Mr. Ren Gong doing?"

"It's getting worse and worse. I was still in the hospital for a few days last month." Zhou Hexuan said.

Jiang Baili said: "He was all tired out. When he founded the Peking Library last time, he was sick and edited a tome, and he was so tired that he was hospitalized. Since then, it has gone from bad to worse."

Zhang Junmai, Jiang Baili and Xu Zhimo are all students of Liang Qichao. Zhang Junmai didn't mention any political parties anymore, and suggested: "Anyway, we all have nothing to do, why don't we wait for Mingcheng to return to Tianjin, and we all go to visit Mr.

"That's a good idea!" Xu Zhimo responded immediately.

Zhou Hexuan naturally wanted to agree, and Liang Qichao's time was indeed numbered.

Zhou Hexuan asked Zhang Junmai and Jiang Baili for calligraphy that day, and prepared to leave for Nanjing the next day. As a result, all the train tickets have been bought, but suddenly I heard a news-"Goddess", "The Dog Official" and "The Dog Official Biography" (the content after waking up from the dream) were seized by the Shanghai Party Headquarters of the Nationalist Party.

At the same time, more than a dozen other books were seized, all of which were realistic themes that exposed social problems.

And the person who presided over the banning of books was none other than the mad dog saint, Chen Dezheng.

I have to say that Chen Dezheng is full of energy. Last month, this person hated the "News", then the Japanese, and last month he started hating Yu Qiaqing and the Shanghai Chamber of Commerce. Now that the chamber of commerce has not finished his fight, he has come to fight against literati including Zhou Hexuan.

Chen Dezheng in history, from 1927 to 1930, the people he hated in the four years may be more friends than others in a lifetime.

As for the final outcome, it caused anger and resentment. Yu Qiaqing even said directly in front of Chang Kaishen that she wished to "eat his flesh and sleep his skin" on Chen Dezheng. As a result, this person was placed under house arrest by Principal Chang for three years, expelled from the party, and never hired.

Chen Dezheng was impoverished for the rest of his life, and he pinned all his hopes on his son. Well, he is still very good, and he trained his son to be an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in New China.