Rebirth of the God-level Xueba

The shotgun method is not the best method for genetic sequencing.

Its accuracy is poor, so another translation of it is the shotgun method.

Don’t expect to hit whichever one you want, it’s characteristic is that it’s one dozen and one big piece.

In the eyes of the most traditional biologists, such a method is actually not very popular. Because it's counterintuitive, and its accuracy is questionable.

Sanger sequencing is the sequencing of genes one by one, completely in accordance with the sequence of the genes. The advantage of this is to complete the sequencing of a gene, and your map will be a little more complete.

The Human Genome Project is based on this. Watson and others dreamed of using 3 billion US dollars, with an average price of one dollar per human gene, to make a human genome map.

Of course, they also know that with the current sequencing difficulty, it is not enough to sequence a gene for one dollar. The cost seems almost to be able to complete.

It just can't be completed - isn't Dalbecco's cancer conquering plan unfinished? If it's not finished, it's not finished.

Compared with the step-by-step Sanger sequencing method, the technical characteristics of the shotgun method are actually more prominent, but it is also a little more troublesome.

The shotgun method is to shoot at the past, breaking a gene chain into pieces.

Just like a dog chain, once a shotgun is shot, it is naturally disassembled into metal rings one by one, and then the ATCG of the metal rings is measured in one breath.

Up to this step, it is very simple, it can be said that it is a matter of one shot.

The next step is the least favorite of Dalbecco et al.

You need to rearrange the metal rings in the original order to form a dog chain.

This step is very difficult, so historically, the shotgun method was originally used for microbial sequencing. Because the genes of microorganisms are simple, they are easy to arrange.

After switching to the human genome, sorting by shotgun method is much more difficult than jigsaw puzzle.

unless--

"We use computers to solve the disorder problem of the shotgun method." Yang Rui stood in Huarui's laboratory, and said the direction of the experiment without even thinking about it.

Huarui Laboratory is his private laboratory, all the rights are in his hands, and there is no need to worry about anything.

On the contrary, Huang Mao was a little worried and said, "The Human Genome Project will cost a lot of money, can you earn it back?"

Yang Rui chuckled and said, "Since when did you start caring about funding?"

"I'm not afraid that your company will go bankrupt." Huang Mao said naturally: "I heard that the bankruptcy law has been implemented, and companies that are insolvent will go bankrupt."

In the past two years, several state-owned enterprises were forced to close down in China, and it was widely reported. It was the only company that closed down in the 1980s.

"We are far from insolvent, so you can rest assured."

"I want to rest assured that you won't be able to keep up with the follow-up funds." Huang Mao said casually.

"There will always be funds when we need them, so let's start doing them first." Yang Rui was thinking about his own hundreds of courtyard houses, and the twenty-odd buildings in a commercial complex he just bought, and houses full of antiques Tea and stamps, I always feel that I am rich.

He was, of course, insanely rich, by 30 years' standards.

But in the late 1980s, although houses in Beijing were still out of reach for ordinary people, they were not enough for scientific research. Even if it is to sell the newly purchased commercial complex, which is just the daily expenses of Huarui Laboratory for several years, the bottomless pit like the Human Genome Project cannot be filled even if it is even thought about.

If you think so, you should thank the soaring housing prices. The research institutes of later generations actually have a lot of dormitories for distribution, and the family property of the researchers is mainly concentrated in the real estate they live in. The speed of their asset appreciation really exceeds the speed of technology development... Theoretically, If some large research institutes sell their land, they might be able to develop their own human genome project...

Yang Rui's thoughts,

Can't be known by Huang Mao, the latter listened to Yang Rui's words, shook his head slightly, and said: "It's no problem to listen to you, but you have to pay attention, I can't see any pre-research of the Human Genome Project. Possibility of returning funds.”

The pre-research is purely basic science. In terms of feedback funds, there are really very few.

If it weren't for the later Salalah Genetics Company, to be honest, Yang Rui would not be sure that the technology of the shotgun method could be sold for money.

In fact, the Salalah Genetics Company did not really succeed. Although its leader madman Venter got 300 million US dollars, developed the shotgun method and used it in the Human Genome Project, and tried to register human genes as patents—if he succeeds If not, any kind of targeted drugs in future generations may be prohibitively expensive.

The Salalah company will probably be really rich.

Unfortunately, Comrade Venter did not succeed.

So, to put it bluntly, the Human Genome Project really has no history of making money.

The pharmaceutical companies that made money later did not give a penny in return to the project team of the Human Genome Project.

However, the fact that Americans cannot make money does not mean that the Chinese cannot make money.

At this time, the benefits of independence are reflected.

As far as Yang Rui's current status is concerned, when such a cutting-edge technology involving biology has no existing laws to use, the formulation of new laws and regulations is almost up to him.

The GMP committee and so on are all of the same nature.

If a top scientist like Yang Rui is not allowed to make a judgment, why not find a liberal arts student to guess?

Many people think that human cloning is really a copy of a person.

In fact, the difference between human cloning and test-tube babies is only at the genetic level. You still have to conceive in October, give birth naturally or by caesarean section, and then receive the same education as normal children—if you want to get the same Hitler or Einstein, you still have to It depends on whether the parents have this ability!

Qualified to participate in the making of laws, which is an implicit power of top scientists.

From the perspective of a person's needs, why are so many people willing to immerse themselves in the painful and boring world of science? Some of them really like this scientific world, and some use it as a springboard to enter the power class in one go.

For example, some famous economists in the 1980s and 1990s played a greater role than many ministers and truly changed China.

People who suffer in stocks, are happy for stocks, and are depressed for stocks, it is hard to imagine that this stock market has depended on the reports of a few people for as long as two decades.

Similarly, people suffering from high blood pressure, suffering from rheumatism, suffering from osteoporosis, and out of breath from bronchitis, if a few top biologists are willing to turn to it, they can do more. It's easier to live a few years, as is the case with diseases that get a lot of attention, such as diabetes and AIDS, where the lives of the sufferers in the 80s, 90s, 00s and 10s were very different.

The lives of patients with ** dysfunction have been completely changed by the little blue pill.

Before the little blue pill, many men’s unspeakable secrets were really hard to tell, and they couldn’t be saved, but after the appearance of the little blue pill, the embarrassment for most men is that the hairline is gradually moving. Can't hide it.

"Funding issues cannot be ignored. Well, if you are really worried, we will start another group and make antihypertensive drugs." Yang Rui is undoubtedly ready to pull Viagra out.

The Human Genome Project is a project that costs money. Even though Professor Cai promised to help find the money, Yang Rui himself could not relax.

As he said, the allocation is determined by the proportion of funds, and he still needs to work hard to ensure control.

If you find something that costs less and has quick results, you will naturally think of Viagra.

Of course, the main ingredient of today's Viagra is still being tested as an antihypertensive drug.

Huang Mao didn't doubt that he was there, he just said: "Prescribe a set of antihypertensive medicine at the same time, it will be too busy."

Yang Rui has made many new medicines, and each time he earns a lot of money. It is not surprising that he makes medicines to make money. He is only worried that Sinovel's scale will not be able to support two projects.

Yang Rui shrugged and said, "I'm more interested in the discussion of nitric oxide now, and I'm going to buy a compound to make it."

"Hey, shall we buy compounds?"

"Well, I will find someone to buy it, you don't have to worry."

Huang Mao smiled wryly: "Why am I not worried? Didn't we always make active compounds before and sell them to pharmaceutical companies for clinical trials? We have no experience in clinical trials..."

"There is a first time for everything." Yang Rui said richly: "We have money, don't worry."

Huang Mao was even more worried, for fear that Yang Rui would lose all his funds and buy back the useless compound.