From the Island Owner to the King

City-state: The inscription on the inner wall of the 'Xiahou Ding' describes that Xiahouzhu moved the capital from Yuandong to Laoqiu, indicating that the Xia Dynasty had a capital.

Chu sent people to attack Dongyi and extended their rule to the coast of the East China Sea. The Dongyi tribe went to Chu

Congrats on paying tribute, these things show that the territory of the Xia Dynasty is very large, forming a very unified tribal alliance country.

Religious etiquette: The inscriptions describe that the Xia people held "sacrificial sacrifices" for the 'Diao', and the tripod was often used as a ritual vessel in ancient times. The existence of the tripod itself indicates that there were sacrifices in the Xia Dynasty.

Therefore, although the ‘Xiahou Dingding’ can’t speak.

But it tells us a lot of information buried in history.

Since modern times, there has been much controversy over whether the Xia Dynasty recorded in the "Historical Records" exists.

In fact, not only the existence of the Xia Dynasty is very controversial, but the Shang Dynasty is also very controversial.

Because the history of the Shang Dynasty is also unsearchable.

Until the unearthed oracle bone inscriptions at Yin Ruins directly proved the existence of the Shang Dynasty.

The research on the Xia Dynasty mainly relies on historical documents, such as "Historical Records", "Bamboo Book Chronicles", "Shangshu" and so on.

And the Erlitou ruins in Yanshi.

The Erlitou site is considered by some scholars to be a 'Xia Ruins'.

However, some scholars still have doubts about the ‘Xia Ruins’.

As we all know, the Erlitou site has four phases.

The first and second phases of the site unearthed are mainly pottery, things without civilization symbols, bronzes and characters, which have not entered the civilization stage.

The next three and four phases entered the civilization stage, but according to the time, many people think that the early Shang Dynasty has nothing to do with the Xia Dynasty.

As for the existence of the Xia Dynasty, there is a lack of archaeological physical examples and texts to indicate its existence.

Finding evidence of the existence of the Xia Dynasty has become the goal of Chinese scholars for nearly half a century.

For example, the "Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties Project" launched in 1996 is one aspect of Chinese scholars' efforts to find evidence of the existence of the Xia Dynasty.

As a national key scientific and technological research project during the “Ninth Five-Year Plan”, this cultural project will last for five years and involve disciplines such as history, archaeology, astronomy, etc., with 200 experts and scholars directly involved, and the cost is huge.

In the end, unfortunately, due to the great controversy over the conclusion, the 'Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties Project' failed to pass the national acceptance.

Until now, whether the Xia Dynasty existed, and whether the Xia Dynasty entered the threshold of civilization, there is still a great controversy in the international academic circles.

The 'Xiahou Dingding' that Chen Rui found in the ruins of Xiacheng told the world an answer.

An answer about ancient Chinese civilization.

Does the Xia Dynasty exist?

exist!

There is no doubt about this.

Has the Xia Dynasty stepped into the threshold of civilization?

Step in!

In fact, compared to the Middle Eastern civilization, Egyptian civilization, Greek civilization and Indian civilization of the same period, the Xia Dynasty was a very advanced civilization.

The Xia Dynasty had a very complete, mature and progressive official script, Xia Zhuan.

The Xia Dynasty had quite advanced bronze smelting technology and bronze casting technology, and could cast the 'Xiahou Dingding' with intricate and exquisite decorations and huge utensils.

The Xia Dynasty was a relatively unified country with a tribal alliance system.

Xia is the name of the tribe composed of the Xiahou clan, Younan clan, Bao clan, Fei clan, etc., headed by "Xiahouhou".

The Xia Dynasty had a very complete religious etiquette.

Put the 'Xiahou Ding Ding' in the pregnant sea pearl space.

Chen Rui left the space.

Continue to search for artifacts buried in the ruins of Xiacheng.

the following few days.

Chen Rui searched the entire ruins of Xiacheng.

What surprised Chen Rui was that the scale of the Xiacheng site was not small.

There are palaces, rammed earth platforms covering a wide area, corridors, courtyards, city gates, etc. The layout is rigorous, the scale is large, the city is large and magnificent.

There are a large number of foundations, cellars, tombs, kiln sites, water pools, and ash pits around the palace.

From the scale of the Xiacheng ruins and the layout of the city, it can be seen that the ancestors of the Xia Dynasty migrated here. They brought the advanced production technology and production tools of the Xia Dynasty, and independently developed a quite advanced civilization here.

Chen Rui has harvested a lot from the ruins of Xiacheng, and the number of artifacts is very large.

Mainly in bronze, jade, pottery-based.

Check it out carefully.

Harvest thousands of pottery pieces, intact, not counting pottery fragments.

Most of these pottery are muddy gray pottery and sand-filled pottery, followed by black pottery and brown pottery, and only a few pieces of red pottery.

The shapes of the vessels are mainly tripods, pots, and retorts for cooking, gobs for drinking, beans, gui, bowls, and three-legged plates for eating, and most pots, urns, and jars for holding vessels.

The patterns are mainly basket pattern, checkered pattern and cord pattern, which are typical of Neolithic pottery.

Not only that, the ancestors of the Xia Dynasty made innovations and improvements on the basis of the pottery-making technology of the Neolithic Age, and the pottery-making technology has achieved great development and progress.

For example, the pottery of the Xia Dynasty was prevalent in which the surface was decorated with additional pile, scratch, and string patterns for several weeks.

The ornamentation is exquisite and exquisite, forming the unique artistic style of the gray pottery of the Xia Dynasty, which is cold, mysterious and solemn.

In terms of shape, it is mainly composed of folded flat bottoms, three-bottomed feet and ring feet, which are rich and diverse.

Thousands of bronzes.

There are various types, not only tools (knives, chisels, cones, fish hooks, weapons (ge, Qi, arrowhead)), but also vessels such as jue, horn, tripod, and ritual instruments such as copper bells.

The discovery of these rich and diverse bronze artifacts marked the real beginning of civilization.

Hundreds of jade articles.

Production tools are jade axe, jade shovel, jade city.

Decorations include tubes, beads, pewter, turquoise ornaments, and turquoise animal-faced steel plaques.

The ceremonial utensils include Ge, uranium, Gui, knife, tooth bay, handle-shaped ornaments and so on.

Many ancient documents reflect that the Xia Dynasty was a country advocating jade civilization, "jade worship", "only jade can show the gods", "jade was the banner of calling and the law of the government at that time.

This is not true.

Chen Rui's discovery of hundreds of jade objects in the ruins of Xiacheng is a strong proof of this.

In addition to pottery, bronze, jade.

Some stone tools, carriages, etc. were also found in the Xiacheng site.

among these found artifacts.

It is not an exaggeration to call three important weapons of the country.

Two bronzes and one jade.

The two bronzes are bronze plates and bronze swords.

Bronze plate, round, shallow abdomen, double attached ears, high ring feet. The belly is decorated with Kui pattern, the circle foot is decorated with animal face pattern, the thunder pattern fills the ground, and the circle foot is folded.

The inner bottom is cast with an inscription in 24 lines and 517 characters.

Chen Rui interpreted it word by word with reference to pictographs, oracle bone inscriptions, and Zhou Zhuan.

Solved 113 words.

Chen Rui understood what the inscription roughly described.

This is an inscription of praise.

The inscriptions praise the achievements of Yu, Qi, Taikang, Zhongkang, Xiang, Shaokang, Shu, Huai, and Mang of the nine generations of summer queens.

In the inscription, Yu's achievements are mentioned, 'controlling the floods and stabilizing the world', 'conquest of the Three Miao', 'setting up the calendar, guiding agricultural production', and 'dividing the whole country into nine states'.

What deserves Chen Rui's attention is that in the inscription praising Yu's exploits, it is mentioned that Dayu cast the gold donated by various princes into nine large tripods, on which are cast the famous mountains and rivers of each state, rare birds and beasts.

That is to say, the casting of the Jiuding by Yu is not a myth or legend, but a fact.