Blue and White Society

  Chapter 1059 The Seventh Thought of the Classic of Mountains and Seas: Gun and Yu's flood control that cannot be covered by dust

   Dayu, surnamed Si, was rumored to be a descendant of Zhuanxu and the son of Gun (gun).

  Historical Records say that Gun was the son of Zhuanxu, who gave birth to Yu.

  But we take the Classic of Mountains and Seas as the standard. The Book of Mountains and Seas says: "The Yellow Emperor gave birth to Luo Ming, and Luo Ming gave birth to a white horse, and the white horse is for Gun."

   If you take this 'birth' as ​​giving birth to a child, then Gun is a generation older than Zhuanxu, which is obviously outrageous.

  I said that birth is not necessarily a child, it may also refer to a derived tribe, and this sentence itself expresses this meaning.

   One of the descendants of the Yellow Emperor gave birth to the Luo Ming clan, and Luo Ming gave birth to the White Horse clan. The White Horse may be the totem of that tribe.

   I don’t know exactly what it is, but it’s called White Horse. I'm guessing...probably a dragonborn totem. The ancient white horse is the incarnation of the dragon. An eight-foot-tall white horse, considered a dragonborn.

  In short, Gun is the leader of the Baima clan.

  Translated from the perspective of the narrator, it means 'the Baima clan is the current Gun clan'.

   I am based on the Classic of Mountains and Seas, so Gun is not the son of Zhuanxu.

   However, the historical records may not be groundless. There is a saying that one of Zhuanxu's sons was Gun Zeng.

  Based on this calculation, Zhuanxu is the sixth ancestor of Yu.

  Gun may be a posthumous title, honorary title, etc. The leader of the Baima clan has been called 'Gun' for generations.

  Because all generations are called Gun, how to distinguish these generations of Gun? So the last generation was called Gun, the previous generation was called Father Gun, the previous generation was called Gun Zu (grandfather), and the previous generation was called Gun Zeng (great-grandfather).

   belongs to Zhuanxu's son, but Gunzeng. Sima Qian may not have sorted it out clearly, and directly recorded it as Gun, so he believed that Yu was the grandson of Zhuanxu.

  No matter what kind of argument it is, regardless of Gun and Yu, they are the descendants of the Yellow Emperor, or the descendants of Zhuanxu.

  They are all of the blood of the Yellow Emperor who are rooted in Zhengmiaohong.

   Then the problem came, their surname was not Ji, but Si.

   His surname is not Ji, so it is obvious that his ancestors were not legitimate sons, and he was sealed outside.

   After reading my previous episodes, you should understand everything.

  Huangdi enfeoffed fourteen sons, twelve of whom had surnames: Ji, You, Qi, Ji, Teng, Qu, Ren, Xun, Xi, Ji, Yan, and Yi.

   Ji is undoubtedly a direct line, fourteen sons, twelve surnames, and two more? The other two are also surnamed Ji. Zhuanxu and Diku succeeded respectively.

  So in "The Yellow Emperor gave birth to Luo Ming", the Luo Ming family in it should be one of the other surnames among the twelve surnames, such as Yan (I guess).

  Afterwards, Luo Ming's clan enfeoffed a certain bastard's lineage and split into another clan of white horses. To be differentiated must have another surname, so the surname is Si.

  After that, the clan was passed down in one line, the tribe declined, and there was no more land entrustment, so the Baima clan never divided into other clans.

  That's why the Yellow Emperor gave birth to Luo Ming, Luo Ming gave birth to a white horse, and the white horse was directly Gun.

  If it refers to an individual, then this generation is ridiculously short.

  So this must be tribal division, and division requires a new surname. Gun Yu's surname is Si, but Si is not one of the twelve surnames assigned by the Yellow Emperor, so there must have been a split in the middle.

  That time, it was Luo Mingsheng's white horse. So it was just right.

   Only differentiated this time, so from the Yellow Emperor to Gun, it was so 'short'.

   It can be seen from the lineage.

The Ji surname is extremely powerful, and it has spread wildly from generation to generation, but the Baima clan, the Gun clan, has always been trapped in a corner. There has been no big man who can stand out in the past, so that for many generations, they have not expanded their branches, and they have always been the main family. One surname single biography.

  Since the first generation of Gun, they have always had the surname Si, and they have always been Gun, Gun, or that, until Yu came out and became emperor, and was awarded the beautiful posthumous title of 'Da Yu'.

   Dayu is not a name.

  His surname is Si, and his name is Si Wenming. If there is no other way to say, he has been called Si Wenming since he was a child.

   In our opinion, this name can be said to be very well achieved. Wen Ming, what a beautiful name.

   But in fact, it expresses Dayu's status when he was a child... The two-letter name is a humble name.

  Since ancient times, a single word is respect and a double word is cheap.

   This situation was a tradition until the Wei and Jin Dynasties. The more ancient times, the more so.

For example, Emperor Ku is called '夋', Xia Qi is called 'Qi', Dayi is called 'Yi', the ancestors of the Zhou people are called 'Ji', and the first king of Shang, Cheng Tang, is called 'Tang' .

  The ancestor Wang Hai worshiped in the oracle bone inscriptions of the Yin and Shang Dynasties was not called Wang Hai, but 'Zhen'.

   Duke Zhou was named 'Dan', Confucius was named 'Qiu', Qin Shihuang was named 'Zheng', Han Emperor Gaozu was named 'Ji', Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty was named 'Heng', and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was named 'Che'.

  You may want to say, isn’t Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty called Liu Bingji?

  Yes, the original name is Liu Bingji. When he was still a baby and had no name, he was imprisoned by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty because he was implicated in the disaster of witchcraft. When he was four years old, he was amnesty and sent to be raised by his grandmother Shijia.

  Liu Bing has lived a street life on the streets of Chang'an since he was a child. Originally, the throne had nothing to do with him, and he got a humble name.

   Who knows that the destiny is in him. After the death of Emperor Zhao, Huo Guang supported Liu He to ascend the throne. As a result, he was too stupid. He reigned for 27 days and did 1,127 bad things...

  The ministers couldn't take it anymore, Huo Guang decisively abolished the emperor, that is, Haihunhou.

  After looking around, Liu, who grew up on the street, was sick, and was taken back to the palace to support him as emperor.

  The first thing Liu Bing did after ascending the throne... was to change his name to Liu Xun...

  You may want to say, isn’t Zhuanxu two characters?

  Zhuanxu is not the name of the Black Emperor, as I have said before, like Yao and Shun, these are not names either.

  Shun is a posthumous title, Yao is a posthumous title, and Dayu is also a posthumous title.

   Note that 'Da Yu' is a posthumous name, and Yu is just an abbreviation. He was the first person to use two characters to express posthumous titles. The more characters for posthumous titles, the better. In the pre-Qin period, there were basically one-word posthumous titles. After the Han Dynasty, there were occasional posthumous titles with two characters. The Tang and Song Dynasties began to be shameless. The posthumous titles with seven, eight, or a dozen characters were the most shameless in the Qing Dynasty. There were posthumous titles with more than 20 characters...

   But the name, before the Jin Dynasty, one word was the most expensive.

   I don’t know what Zhuanxu’s name is, but those who have read my previous explanation should remember that I refuted Zhuanxu’s name of Ganhuang. I would like to add here that at the time I didn't mention the fact that the double names were cheap. In fact, this is one of the reasons. Zhuanxu's name is Qianhuang, which is outrageous.

  Similarly, Shun's name is also not recorded.

  Based on Shun’s poor and humble status when he was a child, I guess it was a very cheap name, such as Yao Ergouzi, which probably meant this, so it was not circulated.

  As for Yao...According to the Shangshu, Yao's name is 'Fang Xun'.

  'Fang Xun' may be equivalent to modern names such as 'Daqiang' and 'Tiegen'.

  It's just us modern people, we can't get the point of ancient times. If there is any meaning, it can only be understood literally. The ancient meaning of "Fang" means exile and expulsion, and the ancient meaning of "Xun" is: to be able to become a king.

   Taken together as a name, it means 'expulsion of merit'.

  A typical humble name, but Yao’s childhood was not good.

  According to Shi Ji, the eldest son Di Zhi succeeded Di Ku. Yao was just the youngest son. When his older brother became emperor, he enfeoffed his younger brother directly in Taodi. After a few years of development, he was transferred to Tangdi...so Yao later became the Taotang clan.

   Who knew that Tang Yao was still growing up, he was charismatic and capable, and the tribe managed well.

  Yao relied on his own methods such as gaining prestige, coupled with the fact that his elder brother Di Zhi was too fatuous to govern, so the princes of all parties abolished Di Zhi and brought Yao back to inherit the rule.

   His love of gaining reputation so much is probably related to his childhood when he was not valued by his father and elder brother. (See the free episode at the end of the first volume for details on brushing reputation)

  Back to the topic, before the Wei and Jin Dynasties, try to choose a single name for the name.

  Due to the high mortality rate in ancient times, children were basically born without names. When he was a little older, he would take a nickname. It was just used to call him. He knew it was him, and he could answer it.

  Fang Xun, Bing Ji, and Ah Man are all such nicknames.

  If my father died before I got a famous name, or if my father didn't value him and was too lazy to get a famous name, it would be a bit miserable...

   Judging from Shun’s living environment since he was a child and how much he was rejected by his parents, I doubt that Shun’s real name is very strange... It’s just that we don’t know it.

  In short, from the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties to the Qin and Han Dynasties, and even the early Jin Dynasty, single names were valued.

   Only some people in the Yellow Turban Army will be called double names. In the Three Kingdoms, only Sun Shangxiang was born with a double name when she was born in an aristocratic family... and the official history does not actually record her, and it was originally from Yuan Zaju.

  In summary, Dayu's name is Si Wenming, which sounds domineering, but it was actually a cheap name at the time.

  ‘Wen’ means patterns or tattoos in ancient times, and ‘ming’ means orders, just a little more emphatically than orders. Later, the Mandate of Heaven (the order of God) was derived. People live to carry out the mandate of Heaven, but when they die, they have no life (God no longer gives you orders, you don’t need to exist anymore). Then came the meaning of lifespan and life, and at the beginning it was the meaning of order.

  So Wenming, it seems that he has thorns on his body (I guess), or it may mean that the mission is engraved on his body.

  His father died when he was very young. It is estimated that the elders in the family gave him such a name. To put it romantically, it is to engrave the mission of revitalizing the family on him.

  Why the elders didn't take a single name is related to the humble status of the whole family when he was a child.

  According to the Zhou Dynasty, Gonggong, Sanmiao, Gun and Huandou are the four crimes.

  The four major sinful families in ancient times. To put it bluntly, the exiles, the whole family was labeled as sinners and excluded from the fringes of the entire Yanhuang cultural circle.

  The "Zuo Zhuan" in the Spring and Autumn Period: "Liu Gonggong in Youzhou, release Guandou in Chongshan, move three seedlings to Sanwei, and kill Gun in Yushan." '

   Gonggong was guilty. He once fought against Zhuanxu for the emperor, and often broke the embankment to release floods.

  The Guandou clan was also guilty. It is said that it was the Danzhu clan.

   But there is no direct evidence that Guandou is Danzhu. This is ridiculous enough, so I won't discuss it.

   Sanmiao, you all know that the descendants of Jiuli have always been sinners. The emperors of all dynasties are merging them. In the period of Shun, there was a major breakthrough, and the Sanmiao was pacified. In the period of Yu, the Sanmiao was completely integrated into the Yanhuang system.

  The last one, the Gun clan, was accused of taking the clansmen, stealing the emperor's land, and filling the flood without waiting for the emperor's order. As a result, he was beheaded directly and the whole clan was exiled.

  Four sins and four evils are too long, and they are also included in Shan Hai Jing, so I will talk about them later.

  In short, the Gun family has passed down from generation to generation, and the last generation of King Gun is Yu's father.

  His failure to control the water directly caused Yu to be an exile with a low social status since he was a child. At a young age, Yu carried the fate of the Baima clan on his shoulders.

  Of course, he was much stronger than the real untouchables of that era, and he had the noble surname bestowed by his ancestors: Si.

   There is also a name given by a well-educated clan elder: Wen Ming.

   At least in our opinion, it sounds good and very cultured. So Yu belonged to a down-and-out aristocratic family, not a real pariah, but he had a family background.

  Then what are the achievements of Yu ascending to the throne of God? I don't think anyone doesn't know: Dayu controls the water.

   Before talking about Dayu's water control in the Classic of Mountains and Seas, the old rules, flashbacks.

   This time there are more, because in modern times, the Yu and Xia dynasties were highly controversial.

  Although the general public recognizes the existence of the Xia Dynasty, the Skeptics do not think so, and international scholars do not recognize it either.

  In modern times, Gu Jiegang of the Republic of China believed that Dayu was a worm, but a cultural symbol on the tripod in the Shang and Zhou dynasties. In fact, this person did not exist.

  He believes that Dayu's water control is a myth, a **** compiled by Zhou people, not a human being, and the prototype is the insect-shaped pattern on the tripod of the Shang Dynasty.

   Even if Dayu did not exist, the Xia Dynasty would not exist either.

  The argument mainly revolves around, "Shuowen": Yu is also a worm.

After   , the Doubtful School even directly added another word, saying that Yu was a worm.

  I am convinced, the pictogram of the word Yu is indeed a worm. This point, I also said it when I described the ancient Egyptian totem Nai Yinglong in "Inhuman" where the Amon civilization influenced the Egyptian civilization and helped the Yellow Emperor defeat Chiyou.

  In addition, the tripods of the Shang Dynasty did use a lot of insect-shaped patterns.

  However, the worm-shaped patterns of Shang and Zhou Dynasties all have feet! And the more feet the more noble.

   After all, it is very abstract. It doesn’t matter if it is a bug or a dragon.

   "Shuowen" is just an explanation of characters, not the person 'Da Yu'. Yu's posthumous title is Dayu, the word "Da" is very important, the ancients liked to abbreviate it, it really saves trouble.

  Big bugs are not bugs. The length of the scale insect is the dragon.

   This is a posthumous title, not Yu's name. It is completely nonsense to deny the existence of Yu and say that Zhou people conjectured and deified the lines of Shang Ding.

It's like...using Kangxi's posthumous title of "Tianhong Yunwenwu Ruizhe Respectful Filial Plentiful Filial Piety Integrity and Merit Dachengren Emperor" to deny the existence of Kangxi, thinking that this emperor is the people of the Republic of China to some virtues written in the Qing Dynasty edict In fact, it is impossible to have such an emperor... Then the Qing Dynasty was also a dynasty that did not exist. Scholars in the Republic of China compiled a feudal dynasty.

  I have seen and heard more than once that some people use the international academic circles and foreign scholars to deny the Xia Dynasty.

  I think most people have heard that 'in fact, our country has only three thousand years of history, and the Xia Dynasty has no archaeological evidence'.

  I've heard all these words.

   It’s already 2020, no one will believe this, right?

  First, there is indeed no archaeological evidence for the country 'Xia'.

  But it is wrong to only have a civilization history of three thousand years. There is no cultural relic of the Xia Dynasty, but there are already countless cultural relics of the Xia Dynasty.

  That is to say, there was civilization in that era, and both the Erlitou and Liangzhu sites have been successfully applied for World Heritage. The period of Erlitou's existence covers the Xia Dynasty period in the literature. Liangzhu existed longer than the Xia Dynasty.

  There is no stone hammer because there is no written carrier preserved.

  Oracle bone inscriptions are very mature characters, with a total of more than 5,000 characters. Did this come out of nowhere? There must have been another hieroglyph in front of it.

  Some people say, why there are so many oracle bone inscriptions in the Yin Ruins, but none of them mentioned the Xia Dynasty?

  It’s very simple. First of all, the word ‘Xia’ was not even found at the beginning, so some people said why there is no word for Xia in oracle bone inscriptions? So there is no Xia Dynasty.

  Later, it was discovered that there was the word 'Xia', and the pictograph was a person kneeling under the sun hanging high in the scorching sun.

   It can be seen that the Doubtful Sect is also being beaten in the face...

   But there is one thing to say, because the oracle bone inscriptions only write "Shi Xia", so it is true that Xia is not a country.

  However, only 30% of the oracle bone inscriptions have been cracked... There are still a large number of oracle bone inscriptions that have not been sorted out and cracked. Thirty percent did not mention "You Xia", which I think is normal.

  Secondly, Yin Ruins was the capital of the middle and late Shang Dynasty, and the seat of Wuding and later Shang kings. At that time, it was a long time since the Xia Dynasty.

  In addition, all oracle bone inscriptions are written by businessmen who divination and asking the gods before doing something, or offering sacrifices to their ancestors after doing something.

  People worship their own ancestors, mainly to worship the Shang kings of the past dynasties, why mention the Xia Dynasty?

  Erlitou is a site of the Xia Dynasty, and it is a pity that no characters were found. In fact, the word '文' was found on the bronze wares. But there are no more words.

   On the contrary, it is the Liangzhu ruins with a history of 7,000 years. There are more than eleven characters. It is also engraved on oracle bones, but the international community does not recognize that it is a text, and calls it "Oracle Bone Carved Talisman".

  In fact, the so-called engraved symbols fully conform to the structure and evolution of pictographs.

  At least those who study ancient Chinese can recognize the characters at a glance, and deciphered the eleven 'engraved characters' in seconds. Because our writing is handed down in one continuous line without a break in generations.

  In fact, during the period of the Republic of China, due to the decline of the country, many people pointed out that Chinese characters are dross, too difficult, which is not conducive to promotion, and denounced them as a tool for fooling the people and restricting public education. Call for the complete abolition of Chinese characters and the use of alphabetic characters.

Qian Xuantong: "To keep China from perishing, and to make the Chinese nation a civilized nation in the 20th century, the fundamental solution is to abolish Confucianism and Taoism, and the abolition of Chinese characters that record Confucianism and Taoist rumors is especially fundamental. The fundamental solution to the solution."

  ***: "Chinese characters are difficult to contain new things and new theories, and they are also a nest of corrupt thoughts. It is a waste of sincerity."

  Lu Xun: "If Chinese characters are not destroyed, China will perish! Chinese characters will eventually be abolished. If people survive, writing will be abolished. If writing survives, people will perish. In this era, there is no way of luck."

  Qu Qiubai: "Chinese characters are really the dirtiest, worst and most **** medieval latrines in the world!"

  Some people say that traditional Chinese characters are only abolished. Sorry, it is not, but it is completely abolished, and only letters are used. There are magazines and newspapers in 1918, and later Lu Xun's manuscripts as evidence.

  If you do it, you do it. There is nothing to talk about. At that time, everyone with aspirations was looking for a way for the country. They were the pioneers and allowed to make mistakes. It is normal for individual claims to be too radical in our view. (Foreshadowing, the same is true for Gun...)

   Of course, how can Chinese characters be abolished? In South Korea, Chinese characters have been abolished, and ancient books can no longer be read.

  In short, there are also a large number of people who oppose the abolition of Chinese characters, and finally made a compromise. In order to promote popularization, Pinyin was developed. The parallel promotion of Chinese Pinyin is what it is today.

  From the perspective of historical materialism, their historical role is positive, and finally promotes the progress of society...

   Pulling away.

  About the characters of the Xia Dynasty, I suspect that the writing carrier of the Xia Dynasty is very difficult to preserve... The oracle bone inscriptions can survive, thanks to the superstition of the Shang Dynasty, using the tortoise shell and ox bone as a carrier for divination, and writing Braille by the way.

  Xia Chao didn’t have this habit, if it was cloth…sheepskin…it would be really cold. What's more, the Yin and Shang dynasties destroyed Xia and destroyed the Xia capital (a large number of massacred corpses were found in Erlitou, and I guess the city was burned).

  Second, how do foreign scholars make conclusions, and why do they care?

  If there is no written evidence to say that the Xia Dynasty is fictional, then under the same standard, Alexander the Great is fictional, and 80% of the history of ancient Greece is fictional.

  Alexander, all the basis for existence are documented hundreds or even thousands of years later, and they are in the form of legends, similar to King Arthur.

  His greatest and greatest stone-hammer evidence is that there is a city of 'Alexandria' in Egypt named after him.

  However, Dayu also had Yu Mausoleum, and the Yellow Emperor Capital also has the Yellow Emperor Mausoleum. This cannot be regarded as evidence.

  As for ancient Greece, more than 50% of the literature comes from the Renaissance…

  Aristotle, Plato, and other classics of ancient Greek scholars have no cultural relics and stone hammers. The Renaissance ghost knows what a renaissance is.

   Among the ten most beautiful physics experiments, one is the story of the ancient Greek scholar, Eratosthenes, who used a very simple method to measure the circumference of the earth in 240 BC.

  Using mathematical methods, the circumference of the earth is accurately measured, and the final calculation results have very small errors compared with modern measurement results.

   But that method, I am afraid that everyone who studies mathematics knows it, it is a fool.

   But it looks like that again. This is a wonderful story, you can check it out if you are interested.

  However, the so-called ancient Greek records of measuring the circumference of the earth, the outline and some details of the whole process are incomparably similar to Zhang Sui’s article on measuring the earth’s meridian in the Old Book of Tang.

   It seems that I have made some mistakes that are most likely caused by not understanding the translation when translating classical Chinese. Do you think Chinese people don’t like to read [Twenty-Four Histories]?

  Some people have demonstrated it in detail. I won't say much here, I will talk about it later if you are interested.

   Also, the so-called Aristotle’s tomb is empty, without a single word, and there is a small stone chamber measuring 1.7x1.3 meters at the bottom. The evidence that this is Aristotle's tomb is a clue from an 11th-century manuscript in the library that Aristotle's tomb is in that area. This manuscript is exactly 1,400 years from the time of Aristotle...Why hasn't it been dug up earlier?

   Forget it, forget it, let’s get down to business.

   On the basis of Dayu's existence, fall back.

   It is said that Dayu traveled all over the world to control the water, his skin was tanned and his hands were full of calluses.

  Sima Qian commented: "Yu Qin's ditches are wet, and his hands and feet are callous. He talks for four years, and acts for four seasons. He has a wife for a day, and he is not selfish. The nine soils are justified, and Xuangui Xizi"

   It is said that Dayu himself dredged the ditches, his hands and feet were full of calluses, and he taught people to ride in boats on water, chariots on land, sledges on mud, and chariots on mountains. He traveled all over the world all year round. Just married his wife and left, passing by the house without looking back. So until the flood in Kyushu was resolved, Shun rewarded him with black jade.

  What does the black jade jade mean? Gui with different names is the basis for conferring different powers. For example, in case of natural disasters, the token held by the minister sent by the emperor to comfort the people is called Zhengui. The holder performs the function of reconciliation or marriage, and is called Gu Gui. The holder who performs the function of reward is called Wan Gui, and the holder who performs the function of punishment is called Yan Gui.

   As for the great achievement, it was given to Xuangui.

  Sima Qian belonged to the Western Han Dynasty, so it was earlier.

  "Shangshu": "Yu Ping water and soil, the main name is mountains and rivers..."

   Earlier, the "Book of Songs" in the Spring and Autumn Period: "The flood is vast, and Yu lays down the earthwork."

   "Book of Songs" is a very very very important historical material. When studying the history of the pre-Qin period, it is more credible than Shiji.

"The Book of Songs" contains the odes of the ancestors' entrepreneurship, the movement of offering sacrifices to gods and ghosts, the banquets and exchanges between the nobles, the resentment of uneven work and rest, and more touching chapters reflecting labor, hunting, and a lot of love, marriage, and social customs. .

  Let’s put it this way, for the Zhou Dynasty, the Book of Songs is equivalent to the words written on oracle bones for divination, and for the Yin and Shang Dynasties.

  However, these are documents after all, not cultural relics.

  So are there any written cultural relics that record Dayu's water control?

  First of all, there is the Shuyi Bell of the Spring and Autumn Period. There is an inscription on the bell. Because it was dug up by the people of the Song Dynasty, it was not well preserved, so it can only be vaguely recognized: Cutting down Xiasi... There are Kyushu in Xian, and it is blocked by Yu...

  So are there any cultural relics unearthed in modern times?

  In 2002, Suigong 盨, a Western Zhou bronze vessel bought from abroad, had an inscription: Heaven ordered Yu to spread the soil, follow the mountains and dredge the rivers, set up levy on the land, subdue the people and supervise their virtues, and make themselves a match for the villagers and become parents. The king who gave birth to me is a minister, and he only cares about virtue. The people love virtue, and widows... care about the world. It is good to use Jue Shao, to benefit dryness and virtue, but not to be careless when Kang dies. Filial friends, the Su Ming scriptures are in order, and I like to worship and waste. The heart is good at virtue, and the only way to get married is to cooperate. Tianli is used to test, God is reused to use Lulu, and Yongyu is in Ning. Sui Gong said: "The people only use their virtues, and they perish."

  There is nothing to translate. There are many characters in the middle that are already unreadable. In fact, many words are missing in my post, so you can just have fun.

  In short, its history is 2,900 years ago.

   But unfortunately, Yu is still a thousand years away.

   It is worth mentioning that the country of Sui is an ancient country. Sui Gong of all dynasties said that he was a descendant of Yu and Shun, and they worshiped Shun as their ancestors.

  Xia Dynasty named Yusun, the descendant of Yushun, the Duke, who lived in the Xia, Shang, and Western Zhou dynasties. In the Spring and Autumn Period, Duke Huan of Qi united the princes for the first time and called everyone to come to the alliance. Duke Sui at that time refused to go, so Duke Huan of Qi destroyed Sui State. Later, the Sui people wanted to restore the state, pretending to reward the Qi army, drunk the soldiers with wine, and then took the opportunity to kill all the Qi army.

   Duke Huan of Qi was furious when he learned about it, and ordered the massacre of the city.

  As the descendants of Shun, they highly praised the achievements of Dayu. It can be seen that Yu never forced Shun, let alone exiled Shun's son.

   So far, there is no more evidence.

  The last one is the Classic of Mountains and Seas.

  The Classic of Mountains and Seas was originally a set of pictures with words on them, so I said that people in the Xia Dynasty used text carriers that were not conducive to preservation. The carrier of pictures would disappear in hundreds of years.

  In short, according to all the rumors about Shan Hai Jing later, it is said that Shan Hai Jing is the "Book of Yu".

   Indeed, Dayu must have been one of the authors of Shan Hai Jing, and Yu contributed most of it.

  The version seen by Jin Dynasty people is different from ours.

  The people of Jin mentioned a passage of text that is not in the Classic of Mountains and Seas that we read.

  【Yu said: Famous mountains in the world, passing through five thousand three hundred and seventy mountains, sixty-four thousand fifty-six miles, and the place of residence. Speaking of its five Zangs, there are so many other hills covered, it is not enough to remember. Heaven and earth are 28,000 li from east to west, 26,000 li from north to south, 8,000 li from the mountain of water, 8,000 li from the water, 467 miles from the mountain of copper, and 3,690 miles from the mountain of iron. ten. The division of heaven and earth is the soil, trees and valleys, where spears are shot, and where knives are shot. Those who are capable have more than enough, but those who are clumsy have not enough. Enfeoffed in Taishan, Zen in Liangfu, seventy-two families, the number of gains and losses are all included, it is called national use. 】

   This text is said to be at the end of the Jin Dynasty version of "Shan Hai Jing Wu Zang Shan Jing".

   Judging from the tone of voice, it was obviously written by someone after Yu died. But as for how long Yu died, I don't know.

  This is also the reason why I seldom interpret the content of "Shan Jing". Because the Book of Mountains was written by people from the Xia Dynasty.

   Among them, the content of Shanjing was summarized by Dayu and Boyi.

  And what I explain to you, in fact, most of them are the content of the scriptures at home and abroad, and the Great Wilderness.

  As for the Book of Mountains, I seldom mention it, because it is too rigorous, so rigorous that it is just a data report, and there is nothing to interpret at all.

  The Classic of Mountains and Seas is divided into Five Zang Mountain Classics, Overseas Classics, Overseas Classics, and Great Wilderness Classics.

  Wuzang Mountain Classic, one mountain is connected to another, how many miles apart, what products are produced, what animals are there, how the animals taste, where the water comes from, and where it flows...all are recorded in detail.

  And for each mountain range, the corresponding mountain **** and the method of sacrifice will be written at the end. What tribute should be given and what specifications should be sacrificed are all recorded in detail.

  People in the world always say that The Classic of Mountains and Seas is a geographical map, but in fact it is said that "Shan Hai Jing Wu Zang Shan Jing" is a geographical map.

  The Book of Mountains is very detailed and rigorous. It is completely a geographical data record and an encyclopedia of animals. The Book of Seas is full of historical events, foreign countries and strange people and things at home and abroad.

  The Book of Mountains and Seas is the combination of "Book of Mountains and Seas" and "Book of Seas", which means: The Book of Mountains and Seas.

  Wrong, it means "Shan Bao Hai Hui Jing", which means all-encompassing.

  The records in the "Book of Mountains", such a mountain is connected to another mountain, I suspect it is the legendary "Book of Mountains" in the Xia Dynasty.

  Remember what I said, the Three Books of Changes?

  The Xia Dynasty had the 'Lianshan Yi', the Shang Dynasty had the 'Guizang Yi', and the Zhou Dynasty had the 'Zhouyi'.

  The Book of Changes was well preserved by Confucianism, and it has been handed down all the time. It was lost in Guizang, but it was also excavated by our modern archaeologists.

   Only "Lianshan" has never been found. Perhaps, it has not been lost. The "Shanjing" in "Shan Haijing" is the "Lianshanjing".

   Of course, there is no evidence, just listen to the music.

  Having said so much, combined with some character designs interpreted by [Routines of Ancient Emperors] and [Light of Wisdom from Lingzhao Baili], we can now look at the Classic of Mountains and Seas.

  "Shan Hai Jing": "The river flows out of the northeast corner to the north, and then enters the Bohai Sea in the southwest, and then goes overseas, that is, west to north, and enters the Jishi Mountain where Yu led."

  This is a section of the Hainei West Classic describing the Kunlun Xuxu, which introduces the origin of the "river water" from the Kunlun Xu, northeast of Gang Zhiyan.

   Before and after this paragraph, Chishui, Heishui, Ruoshui, Yangshui and other water systems are also introduced.

   So what kind of water is 'river water'? Anyone who wants to know history knows that in the pre-Qin period, there was only one water system in my country worthy of the name "river", and that was the Yellow River.

  That’s right, ‘river’ doesn’t mean what we mean now. In ancient times, it was a specific noun, a unique name for the Yellow River.

  I also mentioned it when I interpreted Kuafu before. When I translated "he, Wei" insufficiently, I said that the Yellow River and Wei water were not enough to drink.

  Similarly, 'Jiang' does not refer to anything else, specifically to 'Yangtze River'.

  Hebo is not the waterbo of other places, but the waterbo of the Yellow River.

  What kind of river and what kind of river are written in our current culture, what kind of water and what kind of water were written in ancient times. The Yellow River is called River Water, and the Yangtze River is called River Water.

  The Shan Hai Jing writes here very strangely. It says that the Yellow River originates in the northeast of Kunlun, flows north, then enters the Bohai Sea in the southwest, and then goes overseas, going west and north, passing through the Jishi Mountain that Dayu dredged through.

  Where is Jishi Mountain?

  The original text of Shan Hai Jing: "The hill of Xuanyuan... is three hundred miles to the west. It is called the mountain of accumulated stones. There is a stone gate under it. The river flows to the west. It is a mountain, and everything is there."

The specific textual research requires a long derivation. I guess you are not interested in geography. In short, add up the distance mentioned in the Xishan Jing, and know that this mountain is not far from Kunlun. It is only a thousand if you count the detour Nine hundred miles.

  I will tell you the answer directly, because Jishi Mountain has not been renamed, and it is still called Jishi Mountain now.

In Gansu Province, a mountain extending from today’s Qilian Mountains, there are indeed rocks all over the place, large and huge boulders piled up on the ground, there is a canyon, there are obvious traces of digging, and there are traces of water erosion, it may be It was once one of the old courses of the Yellow River, and foreign scholars have also verified that there was a big flood in Jishi Mountain.

  The Yellow River has changed its course many times, and there are 26 times recorded alone.

  So in ancient times, we have been unable to verify how the Yellow River traveled.

  This text may seem strange to you. How does the Yellow River go west to north?

   In fact, there is no problem going north. The upper reaches of the Yellow River are originally going north, and there is no problem going west. The Yellow River as a whole goes east, but some sections of the river will go west.

  Nine bends of the Yellow River means this. It is not a straight road going east. If you zoom in and subdivide its section, you will find that it is twisted, up and down, left and right, and finally flows into the sea.

  The Classic of Mountains and Seas was written here, and finally entered the Jishi Mountain guided by Yu.

  The Jishi Mountain is in the Qilian Mountains, that is to say, this section only describes the short journey of the Yellow River from its source to its upstream through the Qilian Mountains.

   For such a short distance, it is normal for the Yellow River to go west and north.

  In fact, the current Yellow River is also like this. It flows from the Bayan Har Mountains, flows northeast for a certain distance, then turns northwest suddenly, and flows to the south of the Qilian Mountains before continuing east.

  In addition, the Bohai Sea here in Shanhaijing is not the Bohai Sea we know, but Qinghai Lake in my opinion.

  Because Qinghai Lake is located in the southern section of Qilian Mountains, south of Jishi Mountain.

  In ancient times, in the era of Yu, in order to control the water, Jishi Mountain was excavated to divert the Yellow River and discharge the flood.

  This section of Shan Hai Jing records the river course at that time.

  There are high mountains in all directions of Kunlun. I won’t introduce them in detail. I will talk about Kunlun later.

So the meaning of Jishishan section is: [The Yellow River flows out from the mountain northeast of Kunlun, and runs northward for a while, until it is blocked by the Qilian Mountains, and then turns back to the southwest, and when it turns back, it flows into Qinghai. lake. Then the water potential of Qinghai Lake rose, rushing out a river, that is, the Yellow River flowed into Qinghai Lake and then flowed in, continuing west and north, until Jishi Mountain was dug by Yu Dayu in the Qilian Mountains. 】

  After passing Jishi Mountain, I don’t know where it will flow. It’s not mentioned here, but it’s not important.

  In short, this section is to introduce a small section of the upper reaches of the Yellow River, and by the way, it introduces Dayu digging mountain roads, dredging waterways, and tampering with the Yellow River.

  The above is a one-sided record of Dayu's water control in the Classic of Mountains and Seas.

  Another passage in the Classic of Mountains and Seas also supports this point: "Among the wilderness, there is a mountain named Xianjian Dafeng Mountain, where Heji enters, and Haibei pours into it. To the west there is a mountain called Yu's Accumulated Stone."

  This paragraph says that there is a first threshold Dafeng Mountain on the east side of Jishi Mountain. The Yellow River and Jishui all flow through it, and Haibei infiltrates it. This indirectly proves that the 'sea' there is exactly Qingdao Lake.

  About Dayu's flood control, is there any Shanhaijing? Have.

  "Shan Hai Jing": "Among the great wilderness, there is a mountain named Rotten Mountain, and the green water is poor. There is a mountain of cloud and rain, and there is a tree named Luan. Yu attacked the cloud and rain."

  The meaning is very simple, there is a mountain of rotten paint, and the green water will disappear when it flows to it. There is also Yunyu Mountain, where there is Luanmu. Dayu attacked Yunyu Mountain.

   This attack is very interesting.

   There are similar records.

"Shan Hai Jing": "Beyond the Northwest Sea, in the corner of the wilderness, there are mountains that do not fit together. Mushan. Yu attacked Gonggongguoshan."

  This paragraph involves a lot, including Buzhou Mountain and Gonggong Kingdom. I will write a separate chapter to explain it in the future. Here I will directly translate it.

  The meaning is also very simple: Overseas in the Northwest, in the wilderness, there is a broken mountain called Buzhou Negative Son. There are two yellow beasts guarding it. There is also a river called Hanshushui. There is a wet mountain on the west side of this river and Mushan mountain on the east side. Dayu attacked the mountains of these Gonggong countries.

  Two pieces of information are revealed here. One is the Buzhou Mountain area, both of which belong to the Gonggong Kingdom. The other is that Yu attacked the mountain here.

  Whether it is "Yu attacking Yunyushan" or "Yu attacking Gonggongguoshan", it actually has the same meaning as the previous "Yu Daojishishan".

   is to describe Dayu digging mountains and digging roads to dredge the Yellow River.

  The Book of Mountains and Seas describes that Gun stole the emperor's interest in the soil to drown the flood.

  As for Yu's description, he 'attacked' mountains.

That is to say: "Gun did not pass through the water, and strictly blocked it. He wanted to stop the flood, but how could manpower fight against nature? In the end, he failed. Dayu knew that blocking is worse than dredging, and he used the method of opening mountains to divert the Yellow River to vent the Yellow River." , control the flood and succeed.”

  The above is the story of Dayu's flood control that everyone is familiar with.

  But is it really that simple? There are more details in Shan Hai Jing.

  Gun is not ignorant that blocking is worse than sparse. "Shan Hai Jing Da Huang Bei Jing": "There is Mount Yu. There is Gun attacking the mountains of Chengzhou."

  It is clearly written here that Gun also 'attacked' some mountains.

  Gun also knew how to dig mountains and dig roads to dredge floods. So why did he fail? And Yu succeeded?

  I will tell you three reasons.

  First, lack of experience and limited ability.

  Gun also digs mountains and digs roads, but he is a pioneer. Maybe no one has done this before him, and the most difficult thing is the first person.

   It's like abolishing Chinese characters, and the proponents are all pioneers of new culture. In order to find a way for the country, they opened up a way to break the situation under the confusion, chaos and external impact.

   It is very normal to have many mistakes and mistakes.

   There are so many mountains and water systems recorded in the Shanjing, are they all sorted out by Yu? Not necessarily, but the accumulated experience of his family through the generations.

  Qin Shihuang unified the six countries and was also the survivor of Fen VI. There were six generations of Mingjun in a row, and in the end the great credit fell to Yingzheng. But 80% of the credit has to be counted from Qin Xiaogong, and it has been superimposed from generation to generation.

  Every generation has its contribution to water control, and Yu is just the last one to complete the puzzle.

  This is also the reason why Shun trusted Yu and left the water control to their family. Their family has been a famous water control family for generations.

  Even though Gun made a big failure, Shun probably knew that Gun died a bit unjustly.

  Gun failed to control the Yellow River due to various reasons. Gun himself knew it, and he knew it well, so he "stealed the emperor to stop the soil and drown the flood".

  The essence of stealing the word is that it was premeditated, and when the flood had arrived, he would have no time to steal it.

   That is to say, after Gun Yitong operated, he could see that the Yellow River was about to break its embankment under the heavy rain during the flood season. Of course, it was not too early, about one to half a day earlier.

  He knew that his operation of digging roads to release the flood would fail, and he knew that a big flood would soon overwhelm him. He had no choice but to steal soil to block it and make the last struggle.

  "Shan Hai Jing": "The flood was so great that Gun stole the emperor's resting soil to fill up the flood, without waiting for the emperor's order. The emperor ordered Zhu Rong to kill Gun in Yujiao. Gun revived Yu, and the emperor ordered Yu to lay soil to fix Kyushu."

  So what exactly is Xiyang?

   It is said that the soil is the soil that will increase by itself. Gao You of the Eastern Han Dynasty commented: "The soil is not consumed, but the digging will benefit more, so it is used to fill the flood."

  This annotation has misled people for nearly two thousand years, and directly added mythological color to Gun and Yu's water control. It also added a great innate treasure to the modern prehistoric novels.

   I don’t know if you still remember this person, this Gao You, who also annotated ‘Chang’e, Yi’s Wife’, the guy who issued marriage certificates to two great ancient figures.

   That is to say, his two annotations, one set up a mythical item like Xiyang, and the other opened up the love story of Chang'e and Houyi.

   Awesome!

  Therefore, in the Jin Dynasty, Guo Pu’s annotations followed and wrote: "Those who breathe the soil say that the soil grows and breathes infinitely, so it can block floods."

  Did they really not know what Xirang is? Maybe they are just deliberately mysterious ancient figures that's all.

   "Shuowen": Soil, soft soil.

  "Lunheng·Frankness": Deep plowing and fine hoeing, thick and manure soil.

  Eastern Han Dynasty Liu Xi's "Shiming·Shidi" said: Soil, Yiye, fat and moist.

  Southern Liang Dynasty, Gu Yewang's "Jade Pian" said: The slow and fertile land is called soil.

   That is to say, the fertile and moderate land is called 'soil'.

You should have heard of Zheng Xuan in the Three Kingdoms period, a master of Confucian classics, he commented on Zhou Li and wrote: "Soil, also soil, is a change of words. Soil is said to be self-generated. Soil is still spit out. It is cultivated by people. Yan means soil. Soil means gentle appearance."

  I won’t translate it, but tell you directly that soil is the name of a specific soil.

  The field where grass and flowers grow in the wild is called soil. The soil that can be used by people to cultivate crops is called soil.

   Arable land means nothing more. And crops grow on the soil, and what is divided into pieces is called a field.

   Then what is interest?

  There is nothing to say about this, breath, breathing in and out.

  Therefore, the meaning of resting the soil, and Gun Yu governing the water, was extended to be the soil that can breathe. It is alive and can grow, which is the so-called "soil grows and breathes infinitely".

  So, what does Xi Rang mean?

The Western Han Dynasty "Huainanzi · Terrain Training" records: "The land is born according to its kind... Light soil is more beneficial, heavy soil is late... That is why people in hard soil are strong, and people in weak soil are weak. People in loess are big, people in sandy soil are small. People in Xitu Beautiful, but the natives are ugly."

   Translated on the surface, it means that one side supports the other side. People on light soil are quick, people on heavy soil are dull, people on hard soil are strong, people on weak soil are weak, people on loamy soil are tall, people on sandy soil are short, people on dry soil are beautiful, The people on it are ugly.

  I won’t translate all of them with you, because the comparison between the two is actually the difference between rigidity, softness and weakness.

  Heavy soil, hard soil, loamy soil, and consumable soil refer to heavy, hard, black, and cracked soil respectively.

  And light soil, weak soil, sandy soil, and resting soil refer to light, loose, gravel, and fertile soil, respectively.

  The resting soil is excellent soil.

  In the "Nine Chapters of Arithmetic" in the early Eastern Han Dynasty, a question was written: "Today, there is Chuandi, with an area of ​​10,000 feet. What is the geometry of the solid soil?"

  A very simple application question, "The answer is: 7,500 feet for solid, 12,500 feet for soil."

why? "The technique says: four for penetrating the ground, five for the soil, three for the solid, and four for the ruins."

  Because the volume of ordinary land is four, the volume of soil is five, the volume of compacted soil is three, and the volume of the soil of hills and ruins is also four.

  Punching ground is a common ground, and any piece of land in the wild is basically a piercing ground. Ruins soil, as the name suggests, is the soil of Qiuxu. In fact, it is also ordinary soil, because it has not been irrigated by a plow.

   "Nine Chapters of Arithmetic Notes", "The soil is called the resting soil, and the firm is called the building soil."

  Building soil is compacted soil, which is used to build earth and embankments and the like.

  This is to introduce a ratio. Under the same quality, the volume of compacted soil is three-fifths of the soil, and the volume of ordinary soil and ruins is four-fifths of the soil.

  The soil is a very low-density, very soft soil, which is artificially plowed and irrigated.

   That is to say, the soil is the most soft, fertile and sweet land.

  'The soil is called the rest soil', the rest soil is already soft and fertile enough to breathe. The ancients praised that people who live in the rest soil will be very beautiful.

  Then how fertile is the combination of the two words "Xi" and "Soil"?

  Soil, rest soil, and rest soil, the three grades are actually low-grade soil, high-grade soil, and super-experimental soil.

   It can be imagined that it was specially irrigated and fertilized, plowed repeatedly, full of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and full of golden rubbish. It is likely to be the soil of the emperor's garden, the soil of Huangzhuang. That's why it's called Emperor's Breath Land.

  After reading so much, you can directly think that the soil is the most precious and fertile top-grade soil at that time.

   For a long time, the ancients knew what the soil is, the emperor's garden soil, the most fertile soil in the whole world.

  The father of our hybrid rice, Professor Yuan's experimental fields, use 'Xi Soil'.

   It’s just that the name Xiran was no longer used since ancient times, and gradually changed to refer to the soil that Gun stole back then. Later people only regarded Xitu as the highest level, and did not have the classification of Xiyang.

  That's why people like Gao You can be given room to develop and deify Xi Yang.

To sum up, look at the "Shan Hai Jing" again: "The flood was raging, and Gun stole the emperor's breath to fill up the flood, and did not wait for the emperor's order. The emperor ordered Zhu Rong to kill Gun in Yujiao. Gun revived Yu, and the emperor ordered Yu to spread the soil to fix it. Kyushu."

  We then knew that Gun had stolen the soil from the Emperor’s Garden and used it to stop the flood...

   This is equivalent to stealing the soil from Professor Yuan’s experimental field when there was a flood in my house in 1993, packing it in sacks, and throwing it into the flood.

  Xi Soil must be in a high place, where it cannot be submerged by floods, otherwise it would have been washed away in that era, and the flood would not be regarded as a crime.

  Let’s not talk about right and wrong, the act of digging up the soil to fill the flood must have been a crime in ancient times.

  The facts are indeed so, Gun was detained in the suburbs of Yushan, and then was sent to the emperor Zhu Rongming to execute the canonical punishment.

   So who is this emperor? Why did Gun risk his life in such a way and go to fill the flood with Xiyang? Don't you know if you will die if you do this? Why not wait for the emperor's order?

  Besides the Classic of Mountains and Seas, the earliest record of Gun is the "Shangshu" of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, organized by Confucius.

  Too many words, very obscure, I will not post the original text, "Historical Records" also records this content, completely inherited Yao Dian, and added some, the organizer is Sima Qian.

  I will integrate Shangshu and Shiji, and directly translate Confucianism.

  The general idea is: the flood is raging, and the people are calling for how to solve it. Emperor Yao asks everyone who will be sent to control the flood and take up the position of "engineer".

  A craftsman is the leader of all craftsmen, you can understand it as the highest officer of craftsmen. Water control must be the task of the craftsmen, so the appointment of the craftsmen at that time was the governor of the water control.

   The Zandou clan recommended the Gonggong clan to be in charge. At this time, the Zandou clan was not yet the four crimes. But whether it is Yao's son Danzhu family, I am not sure, let's just regard it as Yao's confidant family.

  As for recommending Gong Gong, Yao directly said no.

  Emperor Yao commented on Gong Gong's rhetoric, which was flattering and contradictory, seemingly respectful, but actually contemptuous and disrespectful to God. The original text (quiet words are not contradictory, like respectful monstrous).

   But Zundou said to try it, there is no other candidate.

   So Emperor Yao asked Gonggong to try it, but the result was that "the trial failed, so it was inconvenient for the people."

   Then Emperor Yao asked Siyue again. Siyue is the military and political ministers of the four regions in the southeast, northwest, let's just think of the four governors. Emperor Yao himself directly governs the central part, that is, the "China" region.

  All the Four Mountains recommended Gun to control the water, but Emperor Yao also said no, the reason was that Gun was "a man of the Fang Ming family".

  Fang Ming means disobeying orders. The ruined tribe means to endanger the tribe.

   Siyue also said that please try it, and Emperor Yao agreed.

  The result of the exam is "Nine years, the performance is useless", and nine years have been in vain.

  Afterwards, Sanmiao happened to be in rebellion too, so ‘Liu Gonggong in Youling to transform Beidi. Put Huandou in Chongshan to change the Nanman. Move the three seedlings to Sanwei to change Xirong. Killed Gun in Yushan to change Dongyi. '

  In Confucianism, the four crimes are formed. Note that this is the reason for the four crimes in the historical records, not the reality.

  I thought, isn't this a blame? Gonggong was charged with the four crimes because it failed to control the water? Huandou was convicted of the four crimes because he recommended and guaranteed Gong Gong, and he was guilty of the same crime as him? Needless to say, San Miao, the descendants of Chi You, have not yet merged, and often make trouble. Gun was convicted of four crimes, and in the historical records, it was only because of nine years of inaction.

  Sima Qian senior black, isn't this incapable and furious...

   Above, there are many, many classical Chinese texts, which I did not post, which are from "Shangshu" and "Historical Records".

   In this regard, my evaluation is... no doubt, made up.

  The dialogue of the ancients, later people know a hammer!

  But we can reverse it. Sima Qian basically copied the Shangshu, but in the Shangshu compiled by Confucius, there is no specific reason for the four crimes of exile, only recommendations, trying, and futile.

   Among them, the evaluation of Emperor Yao and Gun is the earliest evaluation of Gun.

   "Fang ordered the clan", this evaluation is very interesting, disobeying orders, endangering clansmen.

  This just confirms the "not waiting for the emperor's order" in the Shan Hai Jing.

  So any other dialogues, just listen to the music, for reference only. But we can accept the evaluation of "Fang Ming", because it is also written in the Shan Hai Jing.

   That is to say, in the eyes of people in the Spring and Autumn Period, Emperor Yao disliked Gun very much, thinking that Gun liked to disobey his orders.

  If you don't listen to the leader's order, how can the leader entrust you with important tasks? So Emperor Yao didn't want Gun to control the water very much.

  But the four mountains all recommended Gun to try, so Emperor Yao reluctantly let Gun to control the water, after all, the flood was raging.

  We can imagine, how could Emperor Yao give his full support to a candidate whom Emperor Yao himself did not want?

  Regarding how Gun died, Qu Yuan mentioned in "Li Sao": "Gun died straight away, and finally died in the field of feathers."

  婞, stubborn and stubborn, do not obey.

  Straight, don’t you need to translate this? It means not to bend, and it is extended to be straight.

   is straightforward, I think I can do whatever I want. I don't want you to think, I want me to think.

  straight means being stubborn and contradictory, not tactful, strong and straightforward, without turning your head.

  The meaning of Qu Yuan's words is very clear: Gun died because of his "straightness", and finally ended up in a violent corpse in the wilderness of Yushan.

  This also corresponds to the "Shan Hai Jing": "The emperor's order is not waiting. The emperor ordered Zhu Rong to kill Gun in Yujiao."

Again, let’s take the Classic of Mountains and Seas as the standard. Although Shangshu and Lisao are documents from the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, since there is no discrepancy with the Classic of Mountains and Seas in this evaluation, it means that Gun was in the pre-Qin period, and everyone knows him. What kind of person is he.

  Confucius had a political purpose, so he wrote that Gun 'disobeyed orders', and more than that, he added 'endangering the tribe'. Later, the whole family was exiled, which shows that Emperor Yao knew people well. Confucius wanted to set off Emperor Yao.

   But Qu Yuan has no position in this regard. He is the person who wrote "Heavenly Questions", and he has a lot of confusion and even doubts about some mysterious and suspicious ancient times.

  Qu Yuan directly commented on Gun's character design without any doubts, and directly commented that he died because he was upright and did not turn around.

  We can think that this has high credibility, especially when it corresponds to Shan Hai Jing.

   Then, seeing this, I think you have already sorted out the original appearance of history.

  Combining all the clues I interpreted above, I already understand how Gun died.

  He is upright and stubborn. Emperor Yao disliked him very much, because Gun was always stubborn and refused to obey his orders.

  The world belongs to Emperor Yao. He speaks widely and everyone can recommend and suggest, but the person who finally gives orders must be Emperor Yao.

   And what about Gun? Without thinking too much, as long as Emperor Yao didn't accept his suggestion, Gun would do it directly without waiting for Emperor Yao's order.

   It’s no wonder that Emperor Yao is willing to let him lead Baigong for this kind of person. His emotional intelligence is too low, and his political consciousness is zero.

   It is conceivable that Gun's flood control is full of difficulties, and it is impossible for Emperor Yao to fully support him.

   There is no support from the leaders and superiors, no green light from all aspects, and there may even be obstruction.

  Just relying on Gun's orphans to bite the bullet and do it, what can be achieved?

  After nine years, Gun has a theory of both blocking and combing, but the degree of completion is too low.

The Yellow River is still flooding, the Yellow River is always flooding, Gun has predicted that the flood will come, the dam will not last long, and the small bursts will soon turn into countless large torrents, and the people downstream will be caught in the torrential flood .

   In this regard, he can only keep strengthening the dam and filling the water with soil. He is already crazy, so crazy that he doesn't care about the endless soil, the soil of the Emperor's Garden, what about the Royal Manor? It was also planed to fill the Yellow River!

  Facing the flood, all assets are unimportant, only human life is as big as the sky.

   In the end, whether he stopped the flood, I don't know.

  Maybe he just delayed for a moment, buying time for everyone to evacuate. Let everyone escape to high places, on mountains and hills, to avoid floods.

   "Huainanzi": "Jianghuai flows everywhere, and the four seas are in chaos. The people all go to the hills and trees."

   In this regard, Gun has committed a huge crime, and this crime is not in vain in water control, 'the performance is useless'.

   Rather, ‘Gun stole the breath of the emperor to suppress the flood, and did not wait for the emperor’s order. The emperor ordered Zhu Rong to kill Gun in Yujiao. '

   Not only is there no merit, but it has been done. He took the Emperor's Breathing Soil and went to fill the flood! capital offense!

   Killed, the whole family was exiled!

  Will Gun not know what a crime it is to dig up the soil?

  If the flood only flooded houses and fields, Emperor Yao would not be hungry, and many people might die, but it is a natural disaster after all. But Xirang Manor, which was used for flood protection in the highlands, was also destroyed, and with so many people still alive, everyone would go hungry! This is a man-made disaster.

  Under natural disasters, only the flood control failed, nine years without success, and most exiled. If a man-made disaster is done, it is a crime of stealing the emperor's rest and not waiting for the emperor's order.

  Gun chose the capital crime and chose to save as many people as possible. Maybe he didn't save too many people, maybe he really saved a lot of people.

  The soil can be regenerated when it is gone, but people will not be resurrected after death.

   People have hope in life, but Gun can die, so he left hope behind.

  He is just a pioneer. He is groping for a way to subdue the Yellow River. He knows how to block and block together. Although he is not supported by Emperor Yao and despite the difficulties, he has tried his best to do it.

  Maybe he made a lot of mistakes in water control, and even because of his stubbornness and stubbornness, he failed for nine years.

  But the forerunners have gone through a long and hard way, overcoming thorns and thorns, and groping for a way out from the wilderness. The hardest thing is the first person.

  All his mistakes have a name called experience.

  Gun may have expected that he would fail, so in the end he only wanted to save more people. Human beings are alive is hope, and this hope will eventually bear fruit, waiting for the person who really surrendered to the Yellow River.

  He might never have thought that that person was his son.

  All the failures of the pioneers are just to put together the puzzles entrusted to him by the times, so failure is the mother of success. The latecomers are better than the predecessors, just because he stands on the shoulders of the predecessors, and the times are advancing.

  The wheel of history is rolling forward. The so-called Son of Destiny is nothing but the **** coagulation of the sacrifices of countless ancestors. It's just a jigsaw puzzle of the times, finally waiting for the last piece.

   Qin Shihuang was like this, and so was Dayu.

  The important task of water control finally fell on Si Wenming.

  Just like his name, Wen Ming.

  This name was a cheap name at the time, but in our opinion, it is really wonderful.

   It may be that Emperor Yao tattooed the command tattoo on the body of his young successor Dayu in the form of a tattoo because Gun violated the emperor's order, to warn Gun's descendants to obey the emperor's order!

  Because of such tattoos on his body, Dayu was called 'Wen Ming'.

   Or, this is the elders of Gun’s clan, who personally carved it on Dayu’s body, and let him remember: The important task of revitalizing the family rests on your shoulders. Named 'Wen Ming'.

   What's more, Dayu's real name is not this. Maybe it's just attached by later generations, saying that Dayu is a person branded by the fate of heaven, and it's for 'Wen Ming'.

  In any case, the benevolent see benevolence, and the wise see wisdom.

   "...Gun revived Yu, and the emperor ordered Yu's soldiers to spread the land to fix Kyushu."

  sheng, the meaning of derivative. The Yellow Emperor gave birth to Luo Ming, Luo Ming gave birth to a white horse, the white horse was for Gun, and Gun was resurrected to give birth to Yu.

  The white horse of the criminal clan was driven to the edge of the Yanhuang civilization circle and became a barbarian.

  But Yu did not forget his father's behest, nor did he slack off.

  Failure is the mother of success. He tried hard to ponder the materials left by his predecessors, and perfected the water control theory of combining blocking and dredging.

  In the end, there came the Shun who could read people's hearts, knew people well, and was good at employing people, so much so that later generations suspected that he was a time traveler. (For details, see the routines of ancient emperors outside the previous episode)

  In the Classic of Mountains and Seas, although the emperor who killed Gun and the emperor who used Yu both only wrote the word "di", without specifying who they were.

  But I think that if it was Yao who killed Gun, then the one who reused Yu must not be Yao.

  The whole family is exiled and then slapped in the face? Even so, it was Yao who entrusted Shun with the task of water control.

  Shun has a very high emotional intelligence, so he promoted Yu in the name of emperor.

  I even think that after Shun succeeded to the throne, he used the grown-up Yu, who had an insight into Yu's talents and character, promoted him exceptionally, and entrusted him with important tasks.

  Shun, what a wise man who has insight into people's hearts, he never doubts when he employs people, and does not use doubtful people.

  He fully understands Yu, who, like Gun, is an extremely pragmatic person.

  Yu has been controlling the water for decades, and has encountered countless difficulties.

  These decades were all during Shun's tenure, without Shun's full support behind it, it would be impossible to succeed. Therefore, the person who made great use of Yu must be Shun, who also had the ability to know people and employ them.

  Gun's failure and Yu's success are not only the difference in experience, but also, in my opinion, whether the emperor fully supports and trusts them.

   "Yu guided the mountain of accumulated stones", "Yu attacked the mountain of clouds and rain", "Yu attacked the mountain of Gonggong country".

  Guide and attack, the difference of one word, may be a completely different process.

  Jishi Mountain is also located in a remote place, no one lives there, so it is just a 'guide'.

  The Yunyu Mountain and the Gonggong Mountain are obviously within the actual control of the major clans, and there are people living there.

  The offense here really does not mean fighting?

  In other people's chassis, chiseling other people's mountains, there is no conflict at all?

  Flood discharge and diversion, if it will flood the settlements, it must be migrated.

  It is not so simple to open other people's mountains and migrate other people's people. With the modern organization, it is very difficult. In that era, great conflicts and social conflicts will inevitably erupt.

   It is normal for soldiers to meet each other.

   But it is clear that Shun is very supportive of Yu. With this person who has a very high emotional intelligence, who has risen from the humble beginnings to become an emperor, endorsed for Yu, and acted as Yu's solid backing, Yu can succeed.

  Gun attacked Yushan and Chengzhou Mountains, but failed in the end.

   Then Yu attacked Yunyu Mountain and all kinds of mountains in the Gonggong Kingdom. What was the result?

Shan Hai Jing: "The name of the Gonggong minister is Xiangyou. He has nine snakes, rings around himself, and eats on the nine soils. What he eats and where he lives is the source of water. It is not hard but hard, and there is no way for a hundred beasts. Yu Yu flooded , killing Xiang Yao, whose blood stinks and cannot grow valleys. The land is rich in water and cannot be inhabited. Yu Yuzhi, with three sills and three depressions, thought it was a pond, and the emperors thought it was a platform. It is in the north of Kunlun."

  Xiangyou is a vassal of the Gonggong clan, and the totem is a nine-headed snake with a self-circle. Wow, this totem is super shocking, much more handsome than the Marvel Hydra icon, Xiangyou is the ancient Hydra organization?

   Just kidding, in short, this Xiang Yao clan is very powerful, it will swallow a lot of land, and its vomit will turn the land into streams and swamps. The water on it is bitter, probably sewage, and animals cannot survive.

  Yu blocked the flood, destroyed Xiangyao, the blood was stinky, polluted the land, and no plants could grow.

  That place was a swamp, full of water, uninhabitable, Yu filled up the soil, and dug away the rotten and polluted soil, but it was still a swamp, and the good soil that was filled was also polluted.

  Finally, Yu piled the excavated silt into a platform, which is the Qundi Terrace, in the north of Kunlun.

  This platform is roughly the same as the "Di Ku Terrace, Di Yao Terrace, Di Dan Zhu Terrace, and Di Shun Terrace" written in Shan Hai Jing.

  Actually, Yu still has EQ...Although he is as pragmatic as his father, he is not stupid and has a good relationship with Shun. Later, he opened up a purely hereditary dynasty, which also showed his political wisdom.

  In short, this passage is a record of the troubles that Yu encountered during the period of water control and dredging of mountains and rivers.

  The attack on the Gonggong Mountain was not smooth, and the Gonggong family did not want to move again, did not want the mountain to be dug up, and directly met Yu Bingrong.

   In this regard, "Huainanzi" also has similar records.

   "In the time of Shun, the Gong Gong revived the flood and used the thin sky to mulch. The Dragon Gate was not opened, Lu Liang was not opened, the Jianghuai River was flowing everywhere, and the world was in darkness. The people all went to the hills and trees."

   So, according to this meaning, the flood is the fault of Gonggong?

  Actually, it is obvious that Gonggong should have just clashed with Yu and was unwilling to cooperate. It just had a wave with Yu.

  Gong Gong’s Here I will briefly explain that the word “Gong” is written in oracle bone inscriptions to move a square object with both hands, which means the cooperation of both hands. The character "工" in oracle bone inscriptions is written as "工" above "口" and "工" is in the shape of a wooden tool such as adze, so the character "工" in oracle bone inscriptions means to repair things with tools such as adze, or Artisans who perform such activities. It can be seen that the meaning of the term "Gonggong" is to cooperate to complete a complicated thing.

  This matter is to build water conservancy. Some people have verified that the Gonggong clan is a tribe that is good at organizing manpower to control water. They leveled the highlands and filled the lowlands. Build embankments in upstream waters.

  Actually, it is a reservoir.

  However, their engineering capacity is obviously limited, and the reservoir cannot be stored forever, so there must be dredging measures.

  Don’t doubt the wisdom of the ancients. In the ancient city of Liangzhu seven thousand years ago, we have excavated a primitive reservoir in the site, which can store floods and prevent water. It is the earliest water conservancy project in the world and has applied for world cultural heritage.

  Gonggong is good at this, because he always releases floods, or the reservoir bursts due to mistakes, so Gonggong is passed down as the **** of water by later generations, and it is said that he has a fierce temperament and often uses floods to harm people. The reason is here.

   In this regard, the Gonggong clan must have blamed themselves, and it is very likely that they deliberately used people's fear of floods to threaten the surrounding tribes.

  Shan Hai Jing: "There are mountains connected to Kunming, and there is the platform of Gonggong. Shooters dare not shoot north, fearing the platform of Gonggong. The platform is to the east. There is a snake in the corner of the platform, the color of a tiger, and it heads to the south."

   To translate it means that there is a Gonggongtai, and others dare not shoot arrows to the north because they are afraid of Gonggongtai. The platform is in the east of Kunshan Mountain, square and square, and there is a snake in the south (painted) with tiger-colored markings.

  I thought, the tiger-colored snake may be a dragon relief gate of the reservoir, probably a decoration on the spillway.

  The gate for flood discharge is called Longmen.

  As a vassal of the Gonggong clan, Xiangyou obviously has a similar reservoir, which is located at a high place, and as long as the gate is opened, it will 'vomit' sewage, so the good land will turn into a swamp, and it is still smelly. It's just that his totem, or the decoration of the gate, is a self-ringing hydra.

Because Yu wants to open mountains and move them, Xiang Yao is very dissatisfied. Gonggong also wants to weigh Shun's ability to see if he is worthy of being emperor. If Shun, like Yao, does not support those who control water, then Yu should not even think about it. Open their mountain!

   So the two sides clashed, and even a big war.

During the war, Xiang Yao directly attacked the water and opened the reservoir to release sewage. The sewage is likely to be long-term domestic sewage, which may also be rich in minerals. unable to grow.

   Friends who have experienced floods know that floods are very dirty, because all kinds of dirty things in the ground will be churned out, as well as all kinds of filth and silt.

  If the reservoir is already very dirty, stagnant for a long time, with all kinds of domestic garbage, then it is completely fine to turn the submerged land into a smelly swamp after another flood discharge.

  However, although the Gonggong family can play with water, Yu's family background is not ordinary. Gun and even Gun's ancestors also passed down a method of water control. Moreover, it is an advanced technology that uses both blockage and sparseness, which is more powerful than Gonggong's old-age technology.

   Coupled with the strong support of Shun, the Gonggong clan was restrained and served as Dayu's solid backing.

  So Yu won this battle. Not only that, but Shun also successfully pacified the Gonggong clan and solved this long-standing big trouble.

  Shangshu records that Shun's merit is to avenge the four crimes. Gonggong is one of the four crimes.

  Shun subdued Gonggong. As for the Gun clan among the four crimes, he surrendered with gentle means. After surrendering, he also reused Yu from the Gun clan and took it for his own use.

  So the literature of the Zhou Dynasty said that Shun was convicted of four crimes. I am afraid that what he said is true. At least in the Shan Hai Jing, there are clues that two of the crimes were punished.

  To sum up, after gnawing down such a hard stubble of the Gonggong family, Yu and Shun's monarchs and ministers are compatible, and the entire water control plan for Kyushu is implemented more smoothly, and there may be no major resistance in the future.

   Stumbled and stumbled, Yu and Shun, two extremely capable men, finally completed this great cause and conquered the Yellow River.

  And during this period, Yu traveled around the world, traveled all over the mountains and rivers, and wrote the Lianshan Jing, which is the "Shan Jing" in "Shan Hai Jing".

  The Mountain Classic is rigorous, while the Sea Classic is obviously scattered. It is a collection of sayings from various places. It may be a combination of a few ancient text records guarded by various tribes.

  After that, Boyi, Yu's important minister, followed behind, adding Yu's own deeds into it, and combining them with pictures and texts, they were compiled into a map of mountains and seas, which was passed down as a classic of the Xia Dynasty.

   This is the Classic of Mountains and Seas, written for the first time.

   It is also the reason why there is a big difference in the degree of order between the Mountain Classic and the Sea Classic.

  The Book of Mountains was written by Yu, while the Book of Seas was compiled by collecting classics from various countries and tribes.

   Therefore, the format of Shanjing is unified, one mountain after another, rigorous and detailed. The sea scriptures are relatively scattered, and the timeline is also very jumpy, for a while, the era of the Yellow Emperor, for a while, for the era of the Black Emperor, and for a while, it is Shaohao's side again.

  Execution is also much worse, and Yu has to control the water, and he is busy everywhere, so it is impossible to go overseas. The overseas part is a record recorded and circulated by people before Zhuanxu's Jedi Tiantong.

  As for how far overseas is, what was the level of technology in the ancient Yellow Emperor period, and whether there was a big setback after Jedi Tiantong, I can only talk about it later.

   Eloquent, 18,000 words, barely finished Yu.

in conclusion.

  The myth of Dayu's water control is too biased. Everyone only praises the successful ones, but forgets the failed pioneers.

Before the pre-Qin period, it was also called Gun and Yu to control the water. After the Wei and Jin Dynasties, it became Dayu to control the water and was completely deified. Even because Gun finally died of "stealing the emperor to stop the soil and drown the flood", the content of the legend became that only Gun knew. Blocked without knowing comb. Dayu knew how to dredge the river, so he successfully controlled the water.

  So much so that the original Gun Yu's water control became Dayu's water control.

  Gun, who was originally burdened with crimes and died of infamy, has become a background board and a foil to his descendants.

   But after reading the Classic of Mountains and Seas, we know that the truth is that Yu stood on the shoulders of his fathers, and Gun already had a theory of combining blocking and sparseness, but the resistance was too great and finally failed.

  He was a loser and a pioneer. Under the historical materialism, Gun has fulfilled his mission of the times, and Yu has also fulfilled his mission of the times, that's all.

  The ancestors overcame thorns and thorns, only for future generations to thrive. The essence of the superiority of the later generations over the predecessors is the sacrifice and foundation of the predecessors.

  Without Qin Xiaogong and Shang Yang’s reform, without Qin Huiwen and Wang Lian Heng, without Qin Wu Wang’s alliance with Yue to control Chu, without Qin Zhaoxiang’s encroachment, and Changping World War I, which shattered the fate of Zhao’s country, how could Qin Shihuang rule the world.

  Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty attacked the Xiongnu in the north, thanks to Wenjing. The trend of the prosperous Tang Dynasty began in the Sui Dynasty. Zhao Song Qingping originated from Guo Chai.

  The end of the era of containment by the Black Emperor is the sacrifice of the past presidents, the mission of the containment organizations, the rebellion of the ancestors, and the continuation of the rebels.

  Da Yu surrendered to the Yellow River and succeeded Gun. The distribution of land in Kyushu depends on Shun.

  Shun started at the end of the century, and his kindness is more important than that granted by Yao. Yao received Zen from his elder brother, and the mandate of heaven changed from Zhuanxu. Zhuanxu was so powerful that he abandoned his zither, Nairu and Shaohao. Shaohao De Zeyi Xia, all youths are inherited from Yanhuang.

   One of the five emperors, there should be Dayu. No matter whether the world recognizes their existence, the dust can't cover up the legend of Gun Yu's water control.

  This article has no novel ideas, only rich history.

   Too many words, I hope someone can read this in full.

  …

   p.s: Sorry, everyone knows that Dayu conquered Kyushu, but since ancient times, no one has praised Gun. I’m so weird. This chapter contains a lot of personal opinion and private goods, so limited by the length, many details are not explained clearly by citing classics, but I think you don’t like to read those obscure ancient documents. What will we talk about in the next chapter? Yan and Huang are too long, and I don't think 20,000 words are enough. It's the same with Di Jun, let's put it aside for now. This chapter is a bit too hard-core, so the next chapter will be more relaxed. What to write depends on your comments. It is not limited to the classics of mountains and seas, history, humanities and mythology, anything is fine.

  (end of this chapter)